1. A favorable partition coefficient (K oil/water ) will facilitate drug absorption. 1. If the solution process absorbs energy then the solubility will be increased as the temperature is increased. Questions AIM OF STUDING SOLUBILITY: - Currently only 8% of new drug candidates have both high solubility and permeability Some knowledge is important to pharmacist, for it permitting him to chose, 1. Drug absorption is generally slower SC than IM, due to poorer vascularity. ... total drug solubility changes with increasing CD concentration. 5. 4 0 obj 1. The situation is though different for gases. This review discusses the various factors that affect the disposition, safety, and efficacy of classical nanocarrier NPs in the treatment of cancer. partition coefficient (k) 9). The larger the molecule or the higher its molecular weight the less soluble the substance. solubility and distribution phenomena. For gaseous solutes, an increase in pressure increases solubility and a decrease in pressure decrease the solubility. x��Zmo�6� ���R+"EQԡ(�����6�qq8�����I�$vc������(�2)+)8zg�+��×��bv�a?�|p���n����`�\};��X�.gwϳ�����_���1�c�h��wp�l����,�?�J��Z�J�K6}�߃�/,� So being able to measure solubility and, if necessary, modify a compound to alter its solubility without affecting its therapeutic properties is important. stream Processing Factors 4. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DRUG 1) DRUG SOLUBILITY Solubility of drug plays a prime role in controlling its dissolution from dosage form. Effect of urine pH. solubility of solid in liquid 8). 1 0 obj<><><>]>>>>/Type/Catalog>> endobj 2 0 obj<> endobj 3 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Pattern<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 4 0 obj<>>>/XStep 8/Type/Pattern/TilingType 1/YStep 8/BBox[0 0 8 8]>>stream Factors Relating Dissolution Test Parameters 1. six FDA-approved liposomal NP drugs. bioavailability of a drug product, phy siologic and other factors affecting bioavailability, characteristics of drugs with the great potential for a bioavailability problem, assessment of 1). If solubility of drug is less than 1 mg/ml it indicates the need for a salt, particularly if the drug will be formulated as a tablet or capsule. 2 0 obj E�\�\@A ��ɹ\����� Co-solvent Any change in previous factors may lead to precipitation of drugs and change in their properties. endobj FACTORS AFFECTING DRUG ABSORPTION List of content :-- I.PHARMACEUTICAL FACTORS A] Chemical factors B] Physicochemical properties of drug substances 1.drug solubility & dissolution rate 2. Download full-text PDF. 3. x^�=k�7n��W̗Tm_y��W?.�Tɯ;_bDZt礒|�v-�Ϋ]Y^i#����{C ���{8sI%��z��Aċ �����=���+�Q��6�^^���ݫ�v7��Oj�ڝ��c�3z���ſ\�������\�6��y���/�]��jh�� 9�����o��j/l������rh��Oŏ_7�����o�/��ᛮ@Ci�S]��'�q�7 �y�/?ր�vg��� Physicochemical Properties of Drug 2. XE&�T�xV�h�S@a�WX���Y-�#�P�� pnP��Q��"�/d&����hKT�*�Q��3�"�y����ސ(K�Y�����m3�_s���1�u��g��r,�JYUw��Pڋ,�*W}_Q55����a���S���[|N'���B$�H����ЫO�$��� solute-solvent interactions 2). Wei-Qin (Tony) Tong, in Developing Solid Oral Dosage Forms, 2009. <>>> salol –thymol system 5). It should not be assumed that the IM route is as reliable as the IV route. Subcutaneous injection Some drugs, notably insulin, are routinely administered SC. Non-Polar Gases in Solution • The solubility of gases decrease with increasing temperatures . � ސ? Download full-text PDF Read full-text. Temperature will affect solubility. Solubility depends on the degree of ionization. All factors can be categorized into two: internal and external factors. ��lIۙ��k�F~\���г ��K����� �=x <> L�r0�UƩ]wl�����H��hT������n�3(�sN��)�Wqt;���_{P5��v:w�4F]�k���'��F�˫f��T��]CE�� �UP�ݘ��Ihj��)p��j�O���8�*0~�S0(�����Y�L��c{6��0)�}(:�qӚ݁�����'Tf���l��ݸ���zzvV�q�T4�������tN���ԋN�����:�������R�8�g>�NA�v:���ϴ��T�3��P��v��*�?�L �@���ر�9�A(�~�x���s��^�]k7#P���7w������ʰݩa��u��{xF��-a9�����/ߚҧ5H;�B\��e�A���w`I�;o�����G[�^[oh�� F.|�x'��B��%�%=~��7��x�� Pressure. The toxicity of a chemical in an organism may be increased or decreased by a simultaneous or consecutive exposure to another chemical in food. • Factors affecting drug stability: 1. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.44 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Depending on their properties, the degree of solubilization for different drugs varies. The lipophilicity of a drug is also correlated with water solubility. • But, why? It is the case for most of the solvents. Solubility can be expressed in precise or general terms. Solubility is defined as the upper limit of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at equilibrium. Solubility. &t�k�JfuH)�0>;L'29N�d�k*��i�\��3�wvz���է�E��i]}h�Z� %PDF-1.4 %���� factors affecting solubility. 5. The components of a mixture can often be separated using fractional crystallization, which separates compounds according to their solubilities. Poor solubility (<10mg/ml) may result into bioabsorption problems. Basically, solubility increases with temperature. factors affecting solubility 3). Some drugs shows polymorphism (steroids, barbiturates), they are not chemically different, but different in physicochemical properties like m.p, solubility, b.p etc. The solubility of a compound is the quantity present in a saturated solution in contact with an excess of undissolved solid. Particles size & effective surface area 3. to explain in a single statement or equation. Milling 3. raoult’s law 4). Solvates & hydrates 5.salt form of drug 6. Drug Product Formulation Factors c. Processing Factors d. Factors Relating Dissolution Apparatus e. Factors Relating Dissolution Test Parameters I. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DRUG- 1. henry’s law 7). Powerpoint presentation for our chem report :D. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Application of Solubility 7. What affects total solubility, without regard for the time it takes to reach it? drug. 1 0 obj Internal factors are governed the molecular structure. • Many drugs are stable between pH 4 and 8. The rate and extent of absorption can be altered by food. Polarity. )�b���������~c���������� "��r�Y>�$2∈8�Δ�&6;hT�*��E�Ue��E�4{�����'��'Q + 7- PH is one of the primary influences on the solubility of most drugs that contain ionizable groups Large number of drugs are weak acids or weak base. Keywords: Solubility, Solubility Enhancement, Micronization, Co-solvent, Complexation, Hydrotropy, Salt Formation. Nature of the solute and solvent. Temperature: high temperature accelerate oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis reaction which lead to drug degradation 2. pH: • Acidic and alkaline pH influence the rate of decomposition of most drugs. Factors Affecting Solubility. Solubility is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in This is equilibrium solubility. Low aqueous solubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new chemical entities as well as for the generic development. and many drugs are stable between pH 4 and 8. Reasons For Insolubilization Of Drugs 8. <> Biological factors affecting toxic response Chemicals in the diet, air or water Humans may be under medication with several drugs while exposed to an industrial chemical. FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY Molecular size: Molecular size will affect the solubility of drug. In such an equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle can be used to explain most of the main factors that affect solubility. Change in pH 2. solubility of gas in liquid 6). Drug solubility depends on the pH of fluid, temperature, volume, and contents of fluid. 2. •There are several factors that can effect the solubility of a solute in a solvent. In the stomach and intestine drug solubility can be enhanced by food and bile components such as bile salts, lecithin, and fatty acids. INTRODUCTION Therapeutic effectiveness of a drug depends upon the bioavailability and ultimately upon the solubility of drug molecules. The solubility of most solid or liquid solutes increases with increasing temperature. Non-polar solutes do not dissolve in polar solvents and the other way round. ]��RK�^�@/ju�q�p�j�"P$�Ee����LыKב@�|C����. E|���l���`�h�ƝR�7V�ȱb�i�d � �c��#p2��a�p��4#�=�����۟����~e Z _�A���b�8ߢ�i� Otwb�������y�� g{�Z����i���S�@�S�T8�]�83G��; �9� ����X��"A�o�۝u����Ɲ>3#�=y�5���I� q������= 0���&�=W��a"hc��a����K�ɜ�C�Íz�lWH&ע��٫��@�e�;@I ~�l;����W`5�`kֲ�I�%w�� "5ۣ�5ctK�ǷB����*R�4ܮ�\8���Ai�����o^�����n�����L�p�V�����]++����;��b!V7�*U�����d�XkZݔ����s[��M0���J�U�w��ƻr���r��X[�M�\{(��튪c�*�_���bu��R[Q��k��XQ��k��v �T��Z�+j� �]�*ʕ��kA ��^f����e~�1�z��z/���.�܀"e��.���j �t���=���.��uk(��yN�J5�"�i���ruS�9퍔U��yN;�N9�2Ϲa�v0e�[ů��q�s[�L��z�N?�2� j�~0e��u���9nԫ�)s�8����q����-r�!�{E�"����[�8��*�`�.

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